LSAC Resources - Research
Research Reports
Most Recent Reports
Alphabetical Listing of All Research Reports
Admissions Policy Research Project: 2002–2003
by the Faculty of Law, University of Alberta
- Admissions Policy Research Project: 2002–2003 - Introduction
- Admissions Policy Research Project: 2002–2003 - Full Research Report (PDF)
An Analysis of Differential Validity and Differential Prediction for Black, Mexican American, Hispanic, and White Law School Students (RR 90-03)
by Linda F. Wightman and David G. Muller
- An Analysis of Differential Validity and Differential Prediction for Black, Mexican American, Hispanic, and White Law School Students (RR 90-03) - Executive Summary
- An Analysis of Differential Validity and Differential Prediction for Black, Mexican American, Hispanic, and White Law School Students (RR 90-03) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Application of the M-Index for the LSAT (RR 10-01)
by Dmitry I. Belov, Law School Admission Council; and Ronald D. Armstrong, Rutgers University
- Application of the M-Index for the LSAT (RR 10-01) - Executive Summary
- Application of the M-Index for the LSAT (RR 10-01) - Full Research Report (PDF)
An Application of the VM-Index for the LSAT (RR 10-02)
by Dmitry I. Belov
- An Application of the VM-Index for the LSAT (RR 10-02) - Executive Summary
- An Application of the VM-Index for the LSAT (RR 10-02)- Full Research Report (PDF)
Applications of Uniform Test Assembly for the LSAT (RR 05-01)
by Dmitry I. Belov
- Applications of Uniform Test Assembly for the LSAT (RR 05-01) - Executive Summary
- Applications of Uniform Test Assembly for the LSAT (RR 05-01) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Are Other Things Essentially Equal? An Empirical Investigation of the Consequences of Including Race as a Factor in Law School Admission
by Linda F. Wightman, Southwestern University Law Review, Volume 28, Number 1, 1998
- Are Other Things Essentially Equal? An Empirical Investigation of the Consequences of Including Race as a Factor in Law School Admission - Introduction
- Are Other Things Essentially Equal? An Empirical Investigation of the Consequences of Including Race as a Factor in Law School Admission - Full Research Report (PDF)
Assessing the Impact of Topic Interest on Comprehension Processes (RR 11-02)
by Joseph P. Magliano, Amanda M. Durik, and Janet K. Holt, Northern Illinois University
- Assessing the Impact of Topic Interest on Comprehension Processes (RR 11-02) - Executive Summary
- Assessing the Impact of Topic Interest on Comprehension Processes (RR 11-02) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Automatic Prediction of Item Difficulty Based on Semantic Similarity Measures (RR 08-04)
by Dmitry I. Belov and Lily Knezevich
- Automatic Prediction of Item Difficulty Based on Semantic Similarity Measures (RR 08-04) - Executive Summary
- Automatic Prediction of Item Difficulty Based on Semantic Similarity Measures (RR 08-04) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Balanced Item Pool Assembly in Computerized Adaptive Testing (RR 07-04)
by Dmitry I. Belov
- Balanced Item Pool Assembly in Computerized Adaptive Testing (RR 07-04) - Executive Summary
- Balanced Item Pool Assembly in Computerized Adaptive Testing (RR 07-04) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Bayesian Estimation Methods for Multidimensional Models for Discrete and Continuous Responses (RR 06-05)
by Cees A. W. Glas, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Bayesian Estimation Methods for Multidimensional Models for Discrete and Continuous Responses (RR 06-05) - Executive Summary
- Bayesian Estimation Methods for Multidimensional Models for Discrete and Continuous Responses (RR 06-05) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Bayesian Estimation Methods for Multidimensional Models for Discrete and Continuous Responses with a Structure on the Item and Person Parameters (RR 07-03)
by Cees A. W. Glas and Oksana Korobko, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Bayesian Estimation Methods for Multidimensional Models for Discrete and Continuous Responses with a Structure on the Item and Person Parameters (RR 07-03) - Executive Summary
- Bayesian Estimation Methods for Multidimensional Models for Discrete and Continuous Responses with a Structure on the Item and Person Parameters (RR 07-03) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Beyond FYA: Analysis of the Utility of LSAT Scores and UGPA for Predicting Academic Success in Law School (RR 99-05)
by Linda F. Wightman, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
- Beyond FYA: Analysis of the Utility of LSAT Scores and UGPA for Predicting Academic Success in Law School (RR 99-05) - Executive Summary
- Beyond FYA: Analysis of the Utility of LSAT Scores and UGPA for Predicting Academic Success in Law School (RR 99-05) - Full Research Report (PDF)
A Bivariate Lognormal Response-Time Model for the Detection of Collusion Between Test Takers (RR 08-06)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- A Bivariate Lognormal Response-Time Model for the Detection of Collusion Between Test Takers (RR 08-06) - Executive Summary
- A Bivariate Lognormal Response-Time Model for the Detection of Collusion Between Test Takers (RR 08-06) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Clustering U.S. Law Schools Using Variables That Describe Size, Cost, Selectivity, and Student Body Characteristics (RR 93-04)
by Linda F. Wightman
- Clustering U.S. Law Schools Using Variables That Describe Size, Cost, Selectivity, and Student Body Characteristics (RR 93-04) - Introduction
- Clustering U.S. Law Schools Using Variables That Describe Size, Cost, Selectivity, and Student Body Characteristics (RR 93-04) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Comparability of Test-Taker Proficiency Scores on Computer Adaptive Tests Using Real and Simulated Data (RR 11-04)
by Josiah Evans, Law School Admisison Council; Jimmy de la Torre, Rutgers University; and Peter J. Pashley, Law School Admission Council
- Comparability of Test-Taker Proficiency Scores on Computer Adaptive Tests Using Real and Simulated Data (RR 11-04) - Executive Summary
- Comparability of Test-Taker Proficiency Scores on Computer Adaptive Tests Using Real and Simulated Data (RR 11-04) - Full Research Report (PDF)
A Comparison of Mantel-Haenszel Differential Item Functioning Parameters (RR 98-03)
by Deborah L. Schnipke, Louis A. Roussos, and Peter J. Pashley
- A Comparison of Mantel-Haenszel Differential Item Functioning Parameters (RR 98-03) - Executive Summary
- A Comparison of Mantel-Haenszel Differential Item Functioning Parameters (RR 98-03) - Full Research Report (PDF)
A Compendium of LSAT and LSAC-Sponsored Item Types 1948–1994 (RR 94-01)
by Lynda M. Reese and Ruth Anne Cotter
- A Compendium of LSAT and LSAC-Sponsored Item Types 1948–1994 (RR 94-01) - Executive Summary
- A Compendium of LSAT and LSAC-Sponsored Item Types 1948–1994 (RR 94-01) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Conceptual Issues in Response-Time Modeling (RR 08-01)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Conceptual Issues in Response-Time Modeling (RR 08-01) - Executive Summary
- Conceptual Issues in Response-Time Modeling (RR 08-01) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Crafting an Incoming Law School Class: Preliminary Results (RR 99-01)
by Peter J. Pashley and Andrea E. Thornton
- Crafting an Incoming Law School Class: Preliminary Results (RR 99-01) - Executive Summary
- Crafting an Incoming Law School Class: Preliminary Results (RR 99-01) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Detection of Answer Copying via Kullback–Leibler Divergence and K-Index (RR 09-01)
by Dmitry I. Belov, Law School Admission Council; and Ronald D. Armstrong, Rutgers University
- Detection of Answer Copying via Kullback–Leibler Divergence and K-Index (RR 09-01) - Executive Summary
- Detection of Answer Copying via Kullback–Leibler Divergence and K-Index (RR 09-01) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Discrepant LSAT Subscores (RR 93-01)
by Lawrence J. Stricker
- Discrepant LSAT Subscores (RR 93-01) - Abstract
- Discrepant LSAT Subscores (RR 93-01)- Full Research Report (PDF)
Distributions of Kullback–Leibler Divergence and Its Application for the LSAT (RR 09-02)
by Dmitry I. Belov, Law School Admission Council; and Ronald D. Armstrong, Rutgers University
- Distributions of Kullback–Leibler Divergence and Its Application for the LSAT (RR 09-02) - Executive Summary
- Distributions of Kullback–Leibler Divergence and Its Application for the LSAT (RR 09-02) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Employment Patterns of Law School Graduates (RR 00-01)
by Joe G. Baker, Associate Professor of Economics, Southern Utah University
- Employment Patterns of Law School Graduates (RR 00-01) - Executive Summary
- Employment Patterns of Law School Graduates (RR 00-01) - Full Research Report (PDF)
A Hierarchical Framework for Modeling Speed and Accuracy on Test Items (RR 05-02)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- A Hierarchical Framework for Modeling Speed and Accuracy on Test Items (RR 05-02) - Executive Summary
- A Hierarchical Framework for Modeling Speed and Accuracy on Test Items (RR 05-02) - Full Research Report (PDF)
History and Performance of Chinese Law School Admission Test Takers (RR 96-02)
by Xiang Bo Wang and Vincent F. Harris
- History and Performance of Chinese Law School Admission Test Takers (RR 96-02) - Executive Summary
- History and Performance of Chinese Law School Admission Test Takers (RR 96-02) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Information-Based Versus Number-Correct Routing in Multistage Classification Tests (RR 07-05)
by Alexander Weissman and Dmitry I. Belov, Law School Admission Council; and Ronald D. Armstrong, Rutgers University
- Information-Based Versus Number-Correct Routing in Multistage Classification Tests (RR 07-05) - Executive Summary
- Information-Based Versus Number-Correct Routing in Multistage Classification Tests (RR 07-05) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Item Response Theory Parameter Estimation with Response Times as Collateral Information (RR 06-04)
by Wim J. van der Linden, Rinke H. Klein Entink, and Jean-Paul Fox, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Item Response Theory Parameter Estimation with Response Times as Collateral Information (RR 06-04) - Executive Summary
- Item Response Theory Parameter Estimation with Response Times as Collateral Information (RR 06-04) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Legal Education at the Close of the Twentieth Century: Descriptions and Analyses of Students, Financing, and Professional Expectations and Attitudes
by Linda F. Wightman
- Legal Education at the Close of the Twentieth Century: Descriptions and Analyses of Students, Financing, and Professional Expectations and Attitudes - Introduction
- Legal Education at the Close of the Twentieth Century: Descriptions and Analyses of Students, Financing, and Professional Expectations and Attitudes - Full Research Report (PDF)
Likelihood-based Estimation Methods for Models for Concurrent Continuous and Discrete Responses (RR 05-04)
by Cees A. W. Glas and Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Likelihood-based Estimation Methods for Models for Concurrent Continuous and Discrete Responses (RR 05-04) - Executive Summary
- Likelihood-based Estimation Methods for Models for Concurrent Continuous and Discrete Responses (RR 05-04) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Likelihood-Based Estimation Methods for Models for Concurrent Continuous and Discrete Responses With a Structure for the Item and Person Parameters (RR 06-03)
by Wim J. van der Linden and Cees A. W. Glas, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Likelihood-Based Estimation Methods for Models for Concurrent Continuous and Discrete Responses With a Structure for the Item and Person Parameters (RR 06-03)- Executive Summary
- Likelihood-Based Estimation Methods for Models for Concurrent Continuous and Discrete Responses With a Structure for the Item and Person Parameters (RR 06-03) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Likelihood-based Statistics for Continuous and Discrete Responses With a Structure for the Item and Person Parameters (RR 06-06)
by Cees A. W. Glas and Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Likelihood-based Statistics for Continuous and Discrete Responses With a Structure for the Item and Person Parameters (RR 06-06) - Executive Summary
- Likelihood-based Statistics for Continuous and Discrete Responses With a Structure for the Item and Person Parameters (RR 06-06) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Likelihood-based Statistics for Validating Continuous Response Models (RR 05-03)
by Cees A. W. Glas and Oksana Korobko, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Likelihood-based Statistics for Validating Continuous Response Models (RR 05-03) - Executive Summary
- Likelihood-based Statistics for Validating Continuous Response Models (RR 05-03) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Linking Response-Time Parameters Onto a Common Scale (RR 08-02)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Linking Response-Time Parameters Onto a Common Scale (RR 08-02) - Executive Summary
- Linking Response-Time Parameters Onto a Common Scale (RR 08-02) - Full Research Report (PDF)
LSAC National Longitudinal Bar Passage Study
by Linda F. Wightman, with a historical introduction by Henry Ramsey, Jr.
- LSAC National Longitudinal Bar Passage Study - Executive Summary
- LSAC National Longitudinal Bar Passage Study - Full Research Report (PDF)
LSAT Listening Assessment: Theoretical Background and Specifications (RR 03-02)
by Kenneth Olson
- LSAT Listening Assessment: Theoretical Background and Specifications (RR 03-02) - Executive Summary
- LSAT Listening Assessment: Theoretical Background and Specifications (RR 03-02) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Optimizing Information Using the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm in Item Response Theory (RR 11-01)
by Alexander Weissman
- Optimizing Information Using the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm in Item Response Theory (RR 11-01) - Executive Summary
- Optimizing Information Using the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm in Item Response Theory (RR 11-01) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Predictive Control of Speededness in Adaptive Testing (RR 07-02)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Predictive Control of Speededness in Adaptive Testing (RR 07-02) - Executive Summary
- Predictive Control of Speededness in Adaptive Testing (RR 07-02) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Predictive Validity of the LSAT: A National Summary of the 1990–1992 Correlation Studies (RR 93-05)
by Linda F. Wightman
- Predictive Validity of the LSAT: A National Summary of the 1990–1992 Correlation Studies (RR 93-05) - Executive Summary
- Predictive Validity of the LSAT: A National Summary of the 1990–1992 Correlation Studies (RR 93-05) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Program of Research on Legal Writing: Phase II: Research on a Writing Exercise (RR 96-01)
by Hunter M. Breland, Sydell T. Carlton, and Susan Taylor
- Program of Research on Legal Writing: Phase II: Research on a Writing Exercise (RR 96-01) - Executive Summary
- Program of Research on Legal Writing: Phase II: Research on a Writing Exercise (RR 96-01) - Full Research Report (PDF)
A Report on the Inclusion of Diverse Speakers on the LSAT Listening Comprehension Assessment: A Survey of the Literature with Recommendations (RR 04-02)
by Stephanie M. Strassel, University of Pennsylvania
- A Report on the Inclusion of Diverse Speakers on the LSAT Listening Comprehension Assessment: A Survey of the Literature with Recommendations (RR 04-02) - Executive Summary
- A Report on the Inclusion of Diverse Speakers on the LSAT Listening Comprehension Assessment: A Survey of the Literature with Recommendations (RR 04-02) - Full Research Report (PDF)
The Road to Law School and Beyond: Examining Challenges to Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the Legal Profession (RR 02-01)
by Gita Z. Wilder
- The Road to Law School and Beyond: Examining Challenges to Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the Legal Profession (RR 02-01) - Executive Summary
- The Road to Law School and Beyond: Examining Challenges to Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the Legal Profession (RR 02-01) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Self-reported Methods of Test Preparation Used by LSAT Takers: A Summary of Responses from June and September 1989 Test Takers (RR 90-01)
by Linda F. Wightman
- Self-reported Methods of Test Preparation Used by LSAT Takers: A Summary of Responses from June and September 1989 Test Takers (RR 90-01) - Executive Summary
- Self-reported Methods of Test Preparation Used by LSAT Takers: A Summary of Responses from June and September 1989 Test Takers (RR 90-01) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Sequencing an Adaptive Test Battery (RR 08-05)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Sequencing an Adaptive Test Battery (RR 08-05) - Executive Summary
- Sequencing an Adaptive Test Battery (RR 08-05) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Statistical Tests for Conditional Independence in a Hierarchical Model for Speed and Accuracy on Test Items (RR 06-02)
by Wim J. van der Linden and Cees A. W. Glas, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Statistical Tests for Conditional Independence in a Hierarchical Model for Speed and Accuracy on Test Items (RR 06-02) - Executive Summary
- Statistical Tests for Conditional Independence in a Hierarchical Model for Speed and Accuracy on Test Items (RR 06-02) - Full Research Report (PDF)
A Stochastic Search for Test Assembly, Item Pool Analysis, and Design (RR 04-01)
by Dmitry Belov, Law School Admission Council; and Ronald D. Armstrong, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
- A Stochastic Search for Test Assembly, Item Pool Analysis, and Design (RR 04-01) - Executive Summary
- A Stochastic Search for Test Assembly, Item Pool Analysis, and Design (RR 04-01) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Structural Modeling Using Two-Step MML Procedures (RR 08-07)
by Cees A. W. Glas, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Structural Modeling Using Two-Step MML Procedures (RR 08-07) - Executive Summary
- Structural Modeling Using Two-Step MML Procedures (RR 08-07) - Full Research Report (PDF)
A Study of Structural Modeling Using Plausible Value Imputation (RR 08-03)
by Cees A. W. Glas and Hanneke Geerlings, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- A Study of Structural Modeling Using Plausible Value Imputation (RR 08-03) - Executive Summary
- A Study of Structural Modeling Using Plausible Value Imputation (RR 08-03) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Summary of Self-Reported Methods of Test Preparation by LSAT Takers for 1990–1991 Testing Year (RR 93-02)
by Robert McKinley
- Summary of Self-Reported Methods of Test Preparation by LSAT Takers for 1990–1991 Testing Year (RR 93-02) - Executive Summary
- Summary of Self-Reported Methods of Test Preparation by LSAT Takers for 1990–1991 Testing Year (RR 93-02) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Test Design and Speededness (RR 07-01)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Test Design and Speededness (RR 07-01) - Executive Summary
- Test Design and Speededness (RR 07-01) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Testing for Structure Recognition (RR 98-02)
by Gilbert E. Plumer
- Testing for Structure Recognition (RR 98-02) - Executive Summary
- Testing for Structure Recognition (RR 98-02) - Full Research Report (PDF)
The Threat to Diversity in Legal Education: An Empirical Analysis of the Consequences of Abandoning Race as a Factor in Law School Admission Decisions
by Linda F. Wightman, New York University Law Review, Volume 72, Number 1, April 1997
- The Threat to Diversity in Legal Education: An Empirical Analysis of the Consequences of Abandoning Race as a Factor in Law School Admission Decisions - Introduction
- The Threat to Diversity in Legal Education: An Empirical Analysis of the Consequences of Abandoning Race as a Factor in Law School Admission Decisions - Full Research Report (PDF)
Using Response Times for Item Selection in Computerized Adaptive Testing (RR 06-01)
by Wim J. van der Linden, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Using Response Times for Item Selection in Computerized Adaptive Testing (RR 06-01) - Executive Summary
- Using Response Times for Item Selection in Computerized Adaptive Testing (RR 06-01) - Full Research Report (PDF)
The Validity of Law School Admission Test Scores For Repeaters: A Replication (RR 90-02)
by Linda F. Wightman
- The Validity of Law School Admission Test Scores For Repeaters: A Replication (RR 90-02) - Executive Summary
- The Validity of Law School Admission Test Scores For Repeaters: A Replication (RR 90-02) - Full Research Report (PDF)
Women in Legal Education: A Comparison of the Law School Performance and Law School Experiences of Women and Men
by Linda F. Wightman
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